Mongolia - PHC 2000

Mongolia PHC 2000

Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen]

The first census in the 20th century was conducted in 1918. Further censuses being conducted in 1935, 1944, 1956, 1963, 1969, 1979,1989 and 2000.

In 1918, the population of the Empire of Bogd was estimated at 647.5 thousand persons. In its day the 1956 census was considered as technically advanced conducted by an established and dedicated census organization. New advances were introduced for the census of 1963, particularly the first use of a computer, which was expected to speed processing and generally improve census methodology. The basic design of the census was developed by the Commission for Mutual Economic Assistance to assure conformity with other censuses in the region. 1017.1 thousand persons were enumerated in the 1963 census. The censuses of 1969, 1979 and 1989 also followed the methodological guidelines developed by the Commission. Moreover, in accordance with UN recommendations these three censuses were conducted once in 10 years and included questions on housing. From 1979 the population and housing censuses were conducted jointly with population surveys using broad-based questionnaires. For instance, the survey of industrial and agricultural workers, 'Workers' and 'Herdsmen', were conducted together with the 1979 census. The survey of unemployed population, and the survey among women on reproductive issues were conducted in 1989. The 2000 census differed from earlier censuses in many ways. As the first to be

conducted during the transitional period to a market economy, it was expected to reflect a changing emphasis in the demand for economic and social data. The 2000 census was based largely on United Nations principles and recommendations for conducting censuses and thus, in meeting global

standards, could be thought of as the first truly modern census to be conductedin the country.

On 5 January 2000, there were 2,373,493 persons enumerated as residents of Mongolia. Of this figure 1,177,981 were males and 1,195,512 were females. At the 1989 census, the resident population was 2,043,954 persons. Thus, during the eleven years between the censuses the population grew by 16.1 percent, which is equivalent to an average annual rate of about 1.4 percent. This rate is low compared with the recent past. From 1956 the growth rate increased sharply, remaining above an annual equivalent of 2.5 percent up to the 1989 census. Thus the current inter-censal growth rate is the lowest since 1944.

ID Number MNG-NSO-EN-PHC-2000-v1.0

In the early discussions on the scope of the population census it was agreed that the following topics would be included:

Social and demographic characteristics

Name

Relation to household head

Date of birth

Age

Sex

Marital status

Citizenship

Ethnicity

Geographical and migration characteristics

Residential status

Duration of residence

Place of birth

Place of residence five years ago

Educational characteristics

Educational level

Literacy

School attendance

Economic characteristics

Activity status

Occupation

Industry

Employment status

Unemployment

All aimags, soums, districts, bags, horoos and capital city.

a.Population census

The census shall be covered the persons as followed:

- Citizens of Mongolia who are in the country at the time of census;

- Foreigners and persons without citizenship who are living in Mongolia for more than 183 days and

foreigners persons without citizenship who are taking permission to stay for over 6 months from the

authorized organizations;

- Citizens of Mongolia and their families who worked at the diplomatic representative offices,

consulates and in the international organizations in foreign countries at the time of census;

- Citizens of Mongolia who are temporarily absent from Mongolia due to work, study and stay in

overseas by personal reasons during the census period;

b.Housing census

The following types of living quarters shall be covered in the housing census:

- House

- Apartment

- Students dormitory

- Public dormitory

- Other public apartment

- Non-living quarters

- All types of gers

Another important concept for the measurement of coverage related to the timing of the census. While the enumeration covered the seven-day period from 5-11 January 2000, it is important for the interpretation of the data that the census results relate to a more precise point in time. The night of 4th January 2000 was designated as census night. Generally, this concept of a fixed census night did not cause problems for respondents or enumerators. However, in the few cases where location on census night did introduce difficulty, where, for example, the respondent traveled during census night, the more precise time reference of midnight on census night was introduced.

Name	Abbreviation	Affiliation	Role
Nansalmaa Zundiu		NSO	Documentation of the study
Tsolmon Tserendejid		NSO	Documentation of the study

2008-02-15 Version 1.0

DDI-MNG-NSO-EN-PHC-2000-v1.0